WebInSight ：制作网页图片的访问.docVIP

本科毕业设计（外文翻译） WebInSight: Making Web Images Accessible WebInSight ：制作网页图片的访问 年 级:2007级 学 号: 姓 名: 专 业:通信工程 指导老师: 2011年 6 月 WebInSight: Making Web Images Accessible Jeffrey P. Bigham, Ryan S. Kaminsky, Richard E. Ladner, Oscar M. Danielsson and Gordon L. Hempton Abstract Images without alternative text are a barrier to equal web access for blind users. To illustrate the problem, we conducted a series of studies that conclusively show that a large fraction of significant images have no alternative text. To ameliorate this problem, we introduce WebInSight, a system that automatically creates and inserts alternative text into web pages on-the-y. To formulate alternative text for images, we present three labeling modules based on web context analysis, enhanced optical character recognition (OCR) and human labeling. The system caches alternative text in a local database and can add new labels seamlessly after a web page is downloaded, resulting in minimal impact to the browsing experience. Keywords Web accessibility, web studies, transformation proxy, optical character recognition 1. INTRODUCTION Blind users do not currently have equal access to the web. Images are used in navigation bars, as form buttons and to display textual and visual content, but, unless web authors provide alternative text for these images, blind users employing screen readers and refreshable Braille displays are left to guess the images’ contents. In our studies we found that a large fraction of images lack alternative text. For example, of the significant images found on t