写作基础导练2.docVIP

写作基础导练2：句子成分 句子次要成分：表语／定语／状语／补语 一、表语 系动词后面的部分叫表语。作表语的典型词类是形容词，此外，名词、数词、介词短语、不定式、分词、从句也都可等充当表语。系动词与表语共同构成谓语，来说明主语的状态、性质等。 练习 请找出下列句子的表语并指出表语是由什么来充当 （名词、数词、形容词、介词，不定式，分词，还是从句）。 1. My wallet is on the desk. 2. The book isnt mine. 3. The leaves turn yellow in fall. 4. He has become a police officer. 5. My suggestion is户 that=we should start at once. 6. My suggestion is to-leave at once. 7. His speech was boring. 8. The whole class got excited at the good news. 二、定语 定语是用来修饰名词或代词，起限定作用的；作定语的典型词类是形容词、形容词性物主代词和定语从句，此外，数词、名词、介词短语、分词也可作定语。定语一般位于被修饰词之前，但下列情况要位于所修饰的名词之后： (1)形容词修饰不定代词时；(2)短语或从句作定语时还有其它形式等。 练习请找出下列句子的定语并指出定语是由什么充当 （形容词、形容词性代词、数词、名词、介词短语、分词还是定语从句）。 1. The beautiful sight attracts many tourists every year. 2. The wallet on the desk is mine. 3. The demanding boss wasnt satisfied with my work. 4. That building being repaired is our library. 5. He is one of the students that have been late. 6. The excited boys burst into cheers. 7. A woman police officer was praised for her good work. 三、状语 状语是用来修饰动词、形容词或者副词，表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义的。作状语的典型词类是副词和状语从句，此外，介词短语、不定式、分词等也可作状语。单个副词作状语一般放在被修饰词之前，短语或从句放在句首或句末。 练习请找出下列句子的状语并指出状语是由什么充当 （副词、介词短语、不定式、分词、状语从句）。 1. He did his homework carefully at home. 2. Her mother goes out to do some shopping on Sunday 3. When I grow up, I am going to be a teacher. 4. Feeling tired, he went to bed without supper. 5. He lost his job due to his lack of patience. 6. Brought up in the country, he finds it hard to adjust himself to city life. 四、补足语 补充说明主语的称为主语补足语；补充说明宾语的称为宾语补足语。作补语的典型词类是形容词，此外，名词、介词短语、动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词等也可作补语。 练习 请找出下列句子的宾语补足语并指出它是由什么充当 （名词、形容词、介词短语、动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词）) 1. They elected John monitor. 2. He treated his mistake as a joke. 3. We heard her singing a song. 4. He told me to make my own decision. 5. I think it wrong of him to decline my offer. 6. He watched an insect caught by a bird. 【注意】如果把主动语态改成被动语态，宾语补足语就成了主语补足语。 例如： He was acknowledged to be the best player． 他被公认为是最佳选手。（不定式作主语补足语） 即时练习 把句中的从句划出来并说明其在句子中充当的成分