Development of the concept and method of critique in Kant, Hegel, and Marx资料.pdfVIP

GEORGE McCARTHY D E V E L O P M E N T OF THE CONCEPT AND METHOD OF CRITIQUE IN KANT, H E G E L , AND MARX The recognized wisdom over the past few years has been, that within the complexity of Karl Marx thought, there have been fundamental breaks and divisions, whether they were the epistemological breaks of Althusser or the divisions between the young and old Marx, the critique of ideology and historical materialism (Wellmer), or the critical philosophy of praxis and scientific materialism (Gouldner). However, this essay is designed to trace the development of the critical method from German idealism to historical materialism in order to show and stress the continuities within the German intellectual tradition and the epistemological and methodological continuities in Marx own works. This is not to deny the discontinuities between Kant, Hegel, and Marx and the transformations that Marx works had undergone, but there is a transcending interest in the critical perspective, which is more powerful than any of their differences. By centering on the critique many extraneous aspects of Marx thought will be pushed aside in order to give central focus to this methodological concept. The result will be a deeper awareness of the connections between idealism and materialism and the necessity to rethink Marx concept of theory and practice. From the transcendental deduction and synthetic unity of apperception of Kants pure reason, to the dialectical and phenomenological critique of Hegels Absolute Spirit, to the ethical humanism and non-positivist critical science of Marx, the concept of critique as an epistemological, metaph