国际市场物流管理ch17.ppt

Chapter 17 A Definition of International Logistics “…designing and managing of a system that controls the flow of materials into, through, and out of the international corporation” In taking a systems approach to linkages among logistics components, firms can incorporate efficiencies through system design and management techniques JIT - just-in-time EDI - electronic data interchange ESI - early supplier involvement ECR - efficient customer response systems The Phases of International Logistics Materials management Timely movement of raw materials, parts, and supplies through the firm Physical distribution Movement of the firm’s product to its customers The Systems Concept The extensive and complex materials-flow activities within and outside of the firm must be considered in the context of their interaction. Total-cost concept Minimizing overall logistics costs by identifying activity-based costs that impact after-tax profits. Trade-off concept Recognize that logistics activities involve trade-off in areas such as time-saved in delivery versus the increased costs of expedited delivery systems. Supply-Chain Management An integration of the three system concepts. Value-added activities connect the company’s supply side with the demand side. Efficient supply chain design increases customer satisfaction and saves money reduces inventory holding costs increases inventory turnover cycles reduces operating costs reduces order handling and mailing costs makes firm more price competitive The Impact of International Logistics Logistical costs are 10% to 30% of the total landed cost of an international order. Factors necessary for the use of logistics as a competitive tool: Close collaboration with suppliers and customers. Technologically advanced information processing and communication exchange capabilities. An integrated business infrastructure. New Dimensions of International Logistics Basic differences Distance Currency variation and exchange rate differences