外国高校物理课程讲义模板之热能转移transfer-of-heat.pptVIP

Transfer of Thermal Energy Sec 3 Physics What we are going to learn What is happening? All things are made up of molecules When things get heated, they absorb heat energy. This means that the molecules are absorbing the heat energy With more energy, the molecules are able to move faster When the molecules move faster, the temperature of the object increases. Temperature increase means the object gets hotter. 3 Processes of Heat Transfer Conduction Convection Radiation CONDUCTION Occurs mainly in solids Two types of conduction Molecular vibration Free electron diffusion Note: Conduction is not the main form of heat transfer in liquids and gases because their molecules are spaced further apart. Molecular Vibration Conduction Animation The conduction animation is on the left. Notice the movement of the molecules along the rod. Free electron Diffusion Comparing the 2 mechanisms Conductors and Insulators Materials that can conduct heat easily and readily (eg. Metals) are known as conductors. Materials that do not conduct heat easily (eg. Water, air, plastic) are known as insulators. Applications of conduction Trapping air as insulation Different sensations from conductors and insulators Uses of good conductors: cooking utensils Uses of good insulators: table mats, handles Convection Occurs in liquids and gases Does not occur in solids because the molecules are not free to move around What happens during convection Taking the example of heating water Water at the bottom is heated first Heated water expands When water expands density decreases Heated water of lower density starts to rise Cooler water of higher density rushes in from sides to take its place The cooler water gets heated and the cycle repeats. Convection currents are set up. Convection Animation Refer to the animation on the right. The animation shows the process of convection taking place. The blue circles represent unheated molecules. The redder the molecules get the more heat they are absorbing. Ap