2015年_理工A类_职称英语_新增5篇文章.pdfVIP

第九篇 An Essential Scientific Process All life on the earth depends upon green plants. Using sunlight, the plants producetheirownfood.Thenanimalsfeedupontheplants.Theytakeinthenutrients the plants have made and stored. But that’s not all. Sunlight also helps a plant produceoxygen.Someoftheoxygen isusedby theplant,butaplantusuallyproduces more oxygen than it uses. The excess oxygen is necessary for animals and other organisms to live. The process of changing light into food and oxygen is called photosynthesis. Besides light energy from the sun, plants also use water and carbon dioxide. The water gets to the plant through its roots. The carbon dioxide enters the leaves through tiny openings called stomata. The carbon dioxide travels to chloroplasts, specialcellsinthebodiesofgreenplants.This iswherephotosynthesistakesplace. Chloroplasts contain the chlorophylls that give plants their green color. The chlorophylls are the molecules that trap light energy. The trapped light energy changeswaterandcarbondioxidetoproduceoxygenandasimplesugarcalledglucose. Carbon dioxide and oxygen move into and out of the stomata. Water vapor also moves out of the stomata. More than 90 percent of water a plant takes in through itsrootsescapesthroughthestomata.Duringthedaytime,thestomataofmostplants areopen.Thisallowscarbondioxidetoentertheleavesforphotosynthesis.Asnight falls, carbon dioxide is not needed. The stomata of most plants close. Water loss stops. If photosynthesis ceased, there would be little food or other organic matter ontheearth.Mostorganismswoulddisappear.Theearth’satmospherewouldnolonger contain oxygen. Photosynthesis is essential for life on our planet. 词汇： nutrient n.营养物 organism n.生物体，有机体 carbon dioxide n.二氧化碳 chloroplast n.叶绿体 molecule n.分子 vapor n.水蒸气 oxygen n.氧气 photosynthesis n.光合作用 chlorophyll n.叶绿素 glucose n.葡萄糖 cease v.停止 注释： 1.Then animals feed upon the plants.动物以植物为食。 练习： 1.In