抗肿瘤药(英文版）教材.pptVIP

Anticancer Drugs;“CANCER” Refers to a Malignant neoplasm (New growth) Cancer cells can manifest: Uncontrolled Proliferation. Loss of function due to lack of ability to differentiate. Invasiveness. The ability to metastasize. Cancer arises as a result of a series of genetic changes in the cell, the main genetic lesions being: Inactivation of tumor suppressor genes. The activation of oncogenes.;;; ; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS DEFINITIONS: ? ALKYLATION - chemical reaction that cleaves DNA and interferes with mitosis ? BIFUNCTIONAL ALKYLATING AGENTS - have 2 alkyl groups and alkalate 2 DNA strands ? DOSE-LIMITED SIDE EFFECTS - adverse effects that prevent an agent from being given in higher doses ? EMETIC POTENTIAL - potential of an agent to cause N V ;ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS ADVERSE EFFECTS: Kills all fast growing cells Hair follicles GI tract mucosa Bone marrow suppression (BMS)  causing anemiaand leukopenia All are pregnancy category D ! Most are nephro- hepato- and ototoxic Extravasation of IV can result in loss of limb;Antineoplastic Agents ADVERSE EFFECTS: (Contd) All have a BMS and emetic index All have wide interaction with other drugs. Special training required for nursing Most agents can be harmful to nurse administering them;DEFINITIONS: GROWTH FRACTION % of cells in mitosis at any given time LEUCOVORIN RESCUE - use of leucovorin to reverse methotrexate-induced toxicity MITOTIC INDEX number of cells per unit undergoing mitosis during a given time NADIR lowest point (as in blood count) after being depressed by chemotherapy PARANEOPLASTIC SYNDROME (PNS) S/S of cancer located distant from tumor or its metastatic sites ; Hepatic cytochrome P450 0xidase 4-Hydroxycyclophosphamide Aldophosphamide