[工学]PDC钻头破岩原理及钻井参数选择探讨.docVIP

摘 要 本文针对PDC钻头关键设计参数研究相对滞后、缺少一定的规律性、设计者常常根据经验或类比于其它钻头设计的现状，通过室内实验和数值模拟相结合的方法研冠了部剖面形状、后倾角度、切削齿尺寸、布齿密度、内锥角度、内外锥高度及冠顶位置等关键设计参数对PDC钻头的影响规律。研究结果表明：①在破岩效率上，切削齿尺寸与地层硬度成反比。即在值小于3.48的地层中，直径为19.05mm的切削齿宜获得较高的机械钻速；值在4.6～5.78的地层中，直径为16.10mm的切削齿宜获得较高的机械钻速；②在值小于3.48的地层中采用10°～15°后倾角，值在=3．48～5.78的地层中采用15°～20°后倾角可明显提高钻进速度；③布齿密度与钻速成反比；④在值小于3．48的地层中采用“直线-圆弧-直线”型剖面易获得较高的机械钻，值在3.48～4.6的地层中采用“直线-圆弧-圆弧”型剖面易获得较高的机械钻速；⑤深内设计可提高钻头稳定性和切削齿寿命；内锥角在90°-160°范围变化时，随角度的增大，在钻压作用下，钻头冠部受力趋向均匀，扭矩对钻头内锥受力影响变化不明显；⑥高外锥设计可有效提高钻速；外锥角在25°～45°变化时，随角度的增大，外锥受力逐渐增大，钻压和扭矩对外锥影响明显；⑦冠顶半径与钻头半径之比设计为0.64时，钻头冠部应力集中现象明显降低。本文的研究成果对PDC钻头个性化设计有一定指导意义。 关键词：PDC钻头；设计参数；破岩效率；钻头保径 Abstract In view of the research of PDC key parameter relative lag，little certain regularity and the designs often depending on experience or analogy to others，the author has studied a series of key parameters that impact on PDC drill bit through the laboratory experiment and the numerical simulation，such as the shape of crown,degree of back rake angle，the cogging size，the tooth density,the degree of inner cone，the height of inner/outer cone and the position of crown．The results of study show that：(1)The cogging size is in inverse proportion to formation hardness on broken rock efficiency．When the is less than 3．48，and the diameter of cogging isl 9.05mm，It should obtain higher drilling rate．Also the drilling rate will be higher when is 3.485.78，and the diameter is 16.10mm．(2)The drilling rote can increase if the back rake angle is between 10°and 15°when is less than 3.48，Also it will be higher when the back rake angle is 15°and 20°and is 3.485.78．(3)The cogging density is in inverse proportion to the drilling speed．(4)Higher drilling speed can be got through the“straight line—arc-straight line”section when is less than 3.5．And it also can be got through“straight line-arc-arc’section when is between 3.48～4.6．(5)The design of deep inner cone can improve bit stability and cogging life．When the degree of inner cone changes in 90°160°，the force of crow