心理卫生学Chapter7PPT.ppt

Chapter 7 Social Thinking and Social Influence;Forming Impressions of Others;Forming Impressions of Others, continued;Forming Impressions of Others, continued;Forming Impressions of Others, continued;Forming Impressions of Others, continued;Forming Impressions of Others, continued;Forming Impressions of Others, continued;Figure 7.3. The three steps of the self-fulfilling prophecy. Through a three-step process, your expectations about a person can cause that person to behave in ways that confirm those expectations. First, you form an impression of someone. Second, you behave toward that person in a way that is consistent with your impression. Third, the person exhibits the behavior you encourage, which confirms your initial impression. Adapted from Smith, E.R., Mackie, D.M. (1995). Social Psychology. New York: Worth, p. 103. Copyright ? 1995 Worth Publishing. Reprinted with permission.;Forming Impressions of Others, continued;Forming Impressions of Others, continued;Forming Impressions of Others, continued;Forming Impressions of Others, continued;Figure 7.5. Explaining the fundamental attribution error. People automatically take the first step in the attribution process (making a personal attribution). However, they often fail to take the second step (considering the possible influence of situational factors on a person’s behavior) because that requires extra effort. The failure to consider situational factors causes observers to exaggerate the role of personal factors in behavior—that is, they make the fundamental attribution error. (Adapted from Brehm, Kassin, Fein, 2002);Forming Impressions of Others, continued;Forming Impressions of Others, continued;Figure 7.6. Descriptions of the guest lecturer in Kelley’s (1950) study. These two descriptions, provided to two groups of students before the lecturer spoke, differ by only an adjective. But this seemingly small difference caused the two groups to form altogether different perceptions of the lecturer.;