[工学]电工基础英文.pptVIP

1-1 INTRODUCTION An electric circuit is an interconnection of electrical elements. Active elements: capable of generating energy such as generators, batteries etc. Passive elements: resistors, capacitors and inductors. Ideal circuit elements: 理想电路元件 Lumped parameter elements 集中参数元件 Ideal independent source 理想电源元件 Ideal load 理想负载元件 Ideal coupling elements 理想耦合元件 Lumped parameter elements distributed elements 集中参数与分布参数 A direct current (dc) is a current that remains constant with time. 直流电流 1A=1C/1s(秒) 1kA=1000A，1mA=10-3A，1?A=10-6A，1nA=10－9A 2. 电位 Voltage of Potential 3. 电压 VOLTAGE (a)：P=UI0， Power absorb P=UI0， Power supply Example：The electron beam in a TV picture tube caries 1015 electrons per second. As a design engineer, determine the voltage U0 needed to accelerate the electron beam to achieve 4W. Solution： 1-2 电阻、电感、电容元件Resistors, Inductors and Capacitors 一、电阻元件 Resistors Ohm’s law states that the voltage across a resistor is directly proportional to the current flowing through the resistor. P=UI=RI2=U2/R=GU2 二、电感器 INDUCTORS The energy stored in the inductor: The voltage-current characteristics of an capacitor: A network with b branches, n nodes, and l independent loops will satisfy the fundamental theorem of network topology：b=l+n-1 Check Your Understanding: Example: Find the current I . 1-4 Ideal Independent Sources and Their Actual Models maintains its voltage 当 US2= –2V 三、独立电流源 Ideal Current Source 例：R1=1?，R2=2?，R3=3?，US1=1V，I1=1A，US=10V，求：Is，PIs。 Actual model of direct current source Source Transformations A source transformation is the process of replacing a voltage source Us in series with a resistor R by a current source Is in parallel with a resistor R, or vice versa. Note: the arrow of the current source is directed toward the positive terminal of the voltage source. 1-5 受控电源 CONTROLLED SOURCES An ideal dependent (or controlled) source is an active element in which the source quantity is controlled by another voltage