[理学]操作系统概念英文.pptVIP

October 2012 Operating System Concepts- Chapter4 Threads - Chapter 4 Threads An Introduction to Chapter 5(five parts) Why the thread needed, the concept of threads (§4.1 Overview) thread states ( Appendix 4.A ) Categories and implementation (mapping) of threads ( §4.2) In view of programmers, multithreaded programming API——thread Libraries (§4.3) An Introduction to Chapter 5 (cont.) Operating-System Examples (§4.5) Windows XP Linux Appendixes HyperThread (HT) (Appendix 4.C) Dual-core CPU (Appendix 4.D) 4.1.1Why thread needed As described in Chapter 3, the process is as the unit of resource allocation unit of CPU scheduling The costs of process management, such as costs of process creation, cancellation, process switch and process communication, are somewhat high, refer to Fig.3.4, and the concurrency (or multiprogramming degree) may be limited. To reduce costs of process management and improve degrees of concurrency and parallelism, the thread is presented Fig.3.4 CPU Switch From Process to Process In thread-supporting OS, the process is as the unit of resource allocation, while the thread as the unit of CPU scheduling and the running entity on CPU. Merits less costs of thread context switching than that of process context switching improving concurrency and parallelism, less possibility of being blocked /* 程序并行执行 在多处理器系统中，线程被内核独立调度并可在多个处理器上运行。因此，当一个进程中含有多个线程时，进程可分得多个CPU，实现程序并行执行 Web server program Pr multithreaded web server process more than one thread in the process each thread serves for a client access request, many clients can be served concurrently. Benefits (P131) responsiveness resource sharing economy utilization of multiple-processor architectures Refer to Appendix 4.A for more details about threads §4.1 Overview 4.1.2 Basic concepts Definition of the thread a basic unit/entity of CPU utilization, that is, the basic unit /entity for CPU scheduling as a part of a process and can indecently runs on CPU A process ma