[英语学习]chapter 3 morphology.pptVIP

Teaching objectives ⊙ To define the free, bound, derivational, inflectional morphemes ⊙ To distinguish the differences of foresaid terms ⊙ To dissect the words into morphemes and root Teaching difficulties Morphology refers to the study of the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed. 形态学是指对单词的内部结构和单词构成规则的研究。 武汉大学2000年考题 On, before and together are _______words—they are words which do not take inflectional endings. Grammatical/functional Morpheme—the minimal unit of meaningIt is the smallest unit that carries grammatical and /or semantic meaning. ◇1-morpheme boy, desire ◇2-morpheme boy+ish, desir(e)+ble ◇3-morpheme boy+ish+ness, desir(e)+bl(e)+ity ◇4-morpheme gentle+man+li+ness, un+desir(e)+abl(e)+ity Affix Prefix — morphemes that occur only before others, e.g. un-, dis-, anti-, ir-, etc. Free morpheme is one that may constitute a word (free form) by itself, such as bed, tree, sing, dance, etc. Derivational morphemes —the morphemes which change the category, or grammatical class of words. e.g. modern — modernize Inflectional morphemes ◆ purely grammatical markers ◆ signifying tense, number, and case ◆ not changing the syntactic category ◆ never adding any lexical meaning a) number: tables apples cars b) person, finiteness and aspect: talk/talks/talking/talked c) case: John/John’s Root A root is that part of the word left when all the affixes (inflectional derivational) are removed, e.g. “desire” in “desirable”, “care” in“carefully”. Stem A stem is part of a word-form which remains when all inflectional affixes have been removed, e.g. “undesirable” in “undesirables”. Base A base is any form to which affixes of any kind can be added. This means any stem and root can be termed as a base. ★Matching Match each expression under A with the one statement u