What Make a Salary Seem Reasonable [文献翻译]2011-01-09.docVIP

原文： What Make a Salary Seem Reasonable? Highhouse Scoot, Brooks-Laber Margaret E, Lin Lilly, Spitzmueller,Christiane It has been repeatedly shown that the way in which a question is asked can influence perceptions of what is normal. For example, Harris (1973) found that people who were asked How short was the basketball player? estimated lower heights than people who were asked How tall was the basketball player? Similarly, Loftus (1975) found that people who were asked Do you get headaches frequently? reported more headaches than people asked Do you get headaches occasionally? More recently, Norbert Schwarz and his colleagues identified numerous examples of how the wording of survey items can strongly impact self reports (see Schwarz, 1999). For example, Schwarz reported research showing that people claimed a higher life success when the numeric values of a life-success item ranged from -5 to + 5, than when they ranged from 0 to 10. He described another study showing that psychosomatic patients reported symptom frequencies of more than twice a month when the items response scale ranged from twice a month or less to several times per day, but did not do so when the scale ranged from never to more than twice a month (Schwarz Scheuring, 1992). Schwarz (1999) suggested that respondents to surveys assume that the values in the middle range of a scale reflect the typical value in the real world, whereas the extremes of the scale correspond to the extremes of the distribution. More provocative is the finding that, in addition to affecting respondents behavioural reports on surveys, these simple context effects may also affect subsequent judgments. For example, patients in Schwarz and Scheurings (1992) study reported a higher health satisfaction when the response scale suggested that their symptom frequency was below average. Similar to the Schwarz and Scheuring study, our research examined the effects of response scales on subsequent judgments