城市的陌生人：中国的户口和城市居民[外文翻译].doc

本科毕业设计（论文） 外 文 翻 译 原文： Strangers in the City:The HuKou and Urban Citizenship in China Peter W. Mackenzie “Even as migrants’ hukou status excludes them from many of the entitlements provided by the state,they also enjoy greater autonomy from state control than any other group within Chinese society” On National Day(1October)2001,china’s government announced that it would ease the restrictions of the hukou,or household registration system,and that it planned to abolish the system within five years.The hukou,which binds Chinese people to their places of birth,may be reasonably described as the broadest experiment in population control in human history. Its abolition would indelibly affect the lives of hundreds of millions of Chinese peasants whose exclusion from China’s economic boom has led them to seek better opportunities in cinties. The hukou,introduced during the first decade of People’s Republic of China,institutionalizes the denial of basic rights and services to China’s so-called floating population of 150 million rural-to-urban migrant laborers.Under the hukou system,rural migrants in the cities are forbidden to own land,barred from the most promising jobs and unable to access the subsidized education and medical care to which urban residengts are entitled.Although the abundant and cheap labor provided by migrants has fueled the dizzyingly rapid growth of China’s urban econimy,these migrants remain adrift between the poverty of rural existence and te unattainable privileges of urban citizenship. They are a class of strangers in the city,largely invisible to city planners and ofen disdained by premanent residents.To integrate these outsiders into China’s urban citizenry without unleashings new threats tostability is one of the greatest challenges a new generation of Chinese leaders will face. YEARS OF CONTROL Before the implementation in 1953 of China’s first five-year economic plan,Chinese citizens were allowed to travel and