[专业四八级]专业四级语法冲刺-2010-3.pptVIP

专业级四语法冲刺 V. 非谓语动词 i. 不定式和动名词的区别 动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 Smoking is prohibited here. (抽象) It is not very good for you to smoke so much. (具体) 动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。 Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。(经验) Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring. (经验) To study abroad has long been my dream. (一件尚未完成的事情) 如果主语是以aim， duty， hope， idea， happiness， job， plan， problem， purpose， thing， wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。 His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future．他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。 ii. 谓语动词还是非谓语动词 对谓语动词与非谓语动词区别的考查主要集中在独立主格结构，如： All things ___ because of the snowstorm， many passengers could do nothing but take the train. A. had been canceled B. have been canceled C. were canceled D. having been canceled At last, we found ourselves in a pleasant park with trees providing shade and ________ down to eat our picnic lunch. A. sitting B. having sat C. to sit D. sat I send you 100 dollars today, the rest _______ in a year. A. follows B. will follow C. to follow D. being followed If the building project ________ by the end of this month is delayed, the construction company will be fined. A. being completed B. is completed C. to be completed D. completed No one had told Smith about __________ a lecture the following day. A. there being B. there be C. there would be D. there was Jack ____from home for two days now, and I am beginning to worry about his safety. A. has been missing B. has been missed C. had been missing D. was missed 独立结构 分词独立结构：一般分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语应是句子的主语，但有时分词的逻辑主语是其它的名 / 代词，n. / pron. +分词的结构就是独立(主格)结构。 A new technique ____, the yields as a whole increased by 20%. Answer: having been worked out. 独立结构：(不定式的逻辑主语与句子主语不同)该结构在句中一般作说明情况的状语。 The plan was that the contending parties should reach an early agreement on basic principles, the details to be worked out later. 1. 结构：(with) + n./pron. + doing(done, adj., prep. phrase) With you standing t