生命的探索-抗生素（英文PPT）.ppt

Hypothesis Theory needing investigation: a tentative explanation for a phenomenon, used as a basis for further investigation The hypothesis of the big bang is one way to explain the beginning of the universe. Hypothesis - defined A conjecture advanced for heuristic purposes, cast in a form that is amenable to confirmation or refutation by conducting of definable experiments and the critical assembly of empiric data; not to be confused with assumption, postulation, or unfocused speculation. Heuristic: LOGIC procedure for getting solution: a helpful procedure for arriving at a solution but not necessarily a proof Deduction Conclusion drawn: a conclusion drawn from available information. Drawing a conclusion: the process of drawing a conclusion from available information. LOGIC logical conclusion: a conclusion reached by applying the rules of logic to a premise. LOGIC reasoning: the forming of conclusions by applying the rules of logic to a premise A Case Study from Ever yday Life Deductive reasoning is used in testing hypotheses as follows If a hypothesis is correct, and we test it, then we can expect a par ticular outcome 0 Two important qualities of the hypotheses-based science A hypothesis must be testable. A hypothesis must be falsifiable. A hypothesis becomes credible when repeated attempts to disprove it fail. Introduction to Lab 1 scientific inquiry is a particular way of answering questions questions that can be answered by sci-ence must meet specific guidelines and scientific investigations must be carried out using certain rules an investigator cannot show that his or her experiment was done according to the guidelines, then the results of that experiment will not be recognized as valid by other scientists Introduction to Lab 1 The purpose of such guidelines can be understood by comparing them to sports records. For example, a new record set in a track and field event only counts if the meet was approved by the governing body that sets the guide