职业挑战的教育和培训体系[文献翻译]2010-12-25.docVIP

原文： Employability: Challenges for Education and Training Systems Elena Arjona Perez, Christelle Garrouste, and Kornelia Kozovska Abstract. The recent crisis has taken its toll in terms of unemployment, especially among young people. This has revived the debate on the contribution of Education and Training (ET) systems to the employability of young graduates. At European policy level, there is a growing interest in creating incentives for reforming ET systems so as to make them more responsive to future labour market needs and short term adverse labour market conditions. One of the main challenges is finding valid measures for evaluating the contribution of ET systems to employability, taking into account their diversity within the European Union. This paper presents an operational framework of analysis for employability and discusses some of the most important challenges related to the multidimensional nature of the employability concept, the lack of data for cross-country comparison and the difficulty of disentangling the role of education and training systems from other factors in evaluating labour market outcomes. Keywords: Employability, European Education and Training Systems, young graduates, school-to-work transition. 1 Introduction Employability is the target of several European policies e.g., the Mobility and Lifelong Learning initiatives1 as well as the Copenhagen Process (on Vocational Education and Training, VET). They include for instance initiatives for mutual recognition of qualifications, diplomas and study abroad periods. Within the Bologna Process, enhancing employability has been one of the main goals to be achieved with the creation of the European Higher Education Area as stated in the Bologna Process 2007 London Communiqué. A special Bologna Follow-up Working Group on Employability was set up in 2007. The importance of employment was strengthened in the re-launch of theLisbon agenda, highlighting the contribution of education. Po