lecture-4.文化与翻译.pptVIP

汉英文化比较Chinese-English Cultural Comparison by Liu Jian from NBUT The relationship between Language and Culture 1.1 Defintion of culture：more than 300 types，from different angles. 涵盖面最广的是Edward Tylor 1871年在《原始文化》一书中提出的：“所谓文化和文明乃是包括知识、信仰、艺术、道德、法律、习俗以及包括作为社会成员的个人而获得的其他任何能力、习惯在内的一种综合体。” “That complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.” 1.2 Classification of culture 1.2.1 Classification by ethnolinguistics文化语言学的分类 1) 物质文化(material culture) 2) 制度文化(institutional culture) 3) 精神文化( mental culture)： (psychology culture心理文化和idea culture观念文化) 1.2.2 Classification by Nida 奈达的分类 1) Ecology Culture 生态文化 2) Material Culture 物质文化 3) Social Culture 社会文化 4) Religious Culture 宗教文化 5) Linguistic Culture 语言文化 1.3 The close relationship between language and culture (语言和文化密不可分) Language and culture are interdependent and inseparable. Language is the carrier of culture, and culture governs the language. They are interactive, and help each other progress and develop. 语言是文化的一部分(part of culture)，文化又无时无刻影响着语言. 语言是文化的载体(vehicle/carrier )，又是文化的写照(reflection). 语言文字当中，处处都打有文化的烙印(language bear a marked brand of culture)，语言活动过程中，时时可觅见文化的踪迹(trails of culture) II. Culture in language 1. 词汇中的文化(in lexical system) 2. 语法结构中的文化(in grammar) 3. 习语中的文化(in idiom) 4. 语用中的文化(in language use) 1. Culture in lexical system 1、概念意义的空缺（semantic zero/lexical gap） 盘古、女娲、秀才、八股文、太极拳 etc. 2、相同词语在文化内涵上的差别（cultural difference in vocabulary）： 龙（高贵，威严，吉祥）dragon (violent, evil) 红（喜庆）red (violent) 绿（茂盛、喻娼家男子）green (immature/inexperienced/ill) 白（反动、丧事）white (pure/honorable) 黄(皇帝、色情)yellow (cowardly/envious) 2. Culture in grammar system Refer to linguistic differences discussed last semester and last class. For example: The difference of thinking habits between British and Chinese brings about the syntactic differences, to be specific, that is, the difference between: Hypotaxis (形合) and parataxis