Chapter3形态学.pptVIP

Morphemes Definition A morpheme is a minimal unit of meaning or grammatical function. The classification of morphemes lexical free functional morphemes derivational bound inflectional Morphological rules of word formation The ways words are formed are called morphological rules. These rules determine how morphemes combine to form words. Productive morphololgical rules mean that some of the morphological rules can be used quite freely to form new words. eg. un-rule: un ＋ adjective ﹦not － adjective un ＋ accept ＋ able un ＋ decided un ＋ think able un ＋ bridged The rule seems to be freely applicable to an adjective derived from a verb. adj ＋ ity sincere → sincerity scarce → scarcity fierce → fierceness A productive morphological rule can, in the course of time, become less productive. * * Chapter 3 Morphology Presenter: Li Jianyun Definition of morphology Open class and closed class Morphemes Morphological rules of word formation Compounds Morphology: the study of the internal structure of words, and the rules by which words are formed. Open class and closed class Open class words refer to the content words such as nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs in English. They are called open class words because we can regularly add new words to these classes. Closed class words refer to “grammatical” or “functional” words such as conjunctions, prepositions, articles and pronouns. They are called closed class words since few new words are added to them. Free morphemes: those which may constitute words by themselves. eg. at in on foot rain treat Bound morphem