[工学]《专业英语》课件5-TheTransferFunctionandtheLaplaceTransformation.pptVIP

*南京航空航天大学金城学院自动化系 *南京航空航天大学金城学院自动化系 科技英语文本结构特点——精简性 科技英语在文体结构上要简单明了，精炼而且准确。 使用非谓语动词 (1) 动名词 可用动词的-ing形式即动名词来简化时间从句或缩简时间陈述句。 a. 当主句和从句的主语相同时。 e.g: After it is boiled, water readily gives off water vapour. →After being boiled, … （水在沸腾后即生成水蒸气。） 专业英语语法特点（一）——广泛使用非谓语形式 b. 当主句和从句的主语不相同时 e.g: When we remove the impurities, the water can be passed back to the boiler. → On removing the impurities, …去除杂质之后，即可使水流回锅炉中去。 c. 介词+动词-ing 可以用来表示两个动作的顺序 e.g: Switch off the main supply. Remove the fuses. → After switching off the main supply, remove the fuses. 关断主电源，取下保险丝。 d. 动名词可用来代替if-从句 e.g: If machines are tested by this method, there will be some loss of power. 专业英语语法特点（一）——广泛使用非谓语形式 → Machines being tested by this method, … 采用这种方法来测试机器，功率就会有损耗。 (2) 分词 a. 过去分词 ① 简化被动语态的定语从句 e.g1: In Britain, electrical energy which is generated in power stations is fed to the National Grid. → In Britain, electrical energy generated in power stations … 在英国，电站发出的电力都被输入国家电网中。 ② 简化关系从句 利用“when、one、if、as等+过去分词”的形式 (a) when (while, once, if, unless, though) p.p. …=when (while, once, if, unless, though) it is (has been) p.p. … 当(当、一旦、如果、除非、尽管) … (b) as shown in figure 3 …= as is shown … 如图3所示 as stated in the previous paragraph …= as has been stated … 如前一段所述 as just proved … =as has just been proved … 如刚才所证明的… as mentioned above …= as was mentioned …如上所述 b. 现在分词 ① 简化关系从句 e.g: The plane which is flying at an altitude of 2140 meters is subjected to pressures of 80 kilonewtons per square meter. → The plane flying at an altitude of …… 在2140米高度上飞行的飞机，承受每平方米80千牛顿的压力。 ② 连接“原因”和“结果” e.g: The piston travels up the cylinder. The piston compressed the mixture. → The piston travels up the cylinder, compressing the mixture. 活塞沿气缸向上推动，压缩混合气体。 (3) 不定式 a. 利用不定式短语表示目的 e.g1: We made the runways at London Airport longer. Our purpose in making it is to enable the big jets land. → We made the runways at London Airport longer to enable the … 我们加长伦敦机场的跑道以便使大型飞