[工学]多准则决策分析方法.pptVIP

多準則決策分析方法／馮正民 多準則決策分析方法 馮正民 教授 交通大學交通運輸研究所 逢甲大學交通工程與管理學系 95.6.19 Why we need MCDM? The conventional single-criterion decision methods such as cost-benefit analysis can only deal with the monetary terms. The decision maker faces multiple conflicting objectives rather than single objective. The conflict nature of a problem involves several interest groups instead of a single group. Many intangible and incommensurable effects in conventional decision making methods could not be included. What is MCDM? MCDM is a set of methods to help the decision makers to describe, evaluate, rank and select alternatives according to several criteria. Two main classes of methods are: MOP (multiobjective programming) MCE (multicriteria evaluation) What are the components in MOP? a set of objective functions ={ } a set of decision variables ={ } a set of constraints ={ } The MOP problem can be defined mathematically as follows: Subject to What are the components in MCE? Types of MCE Weighting of Criteria – AHP 建立層級關係 建立成對比較矩陣 求解權重並檢定一致性 AHP(分析階層程序法) Weighting of Criteria – AHP Developing Importance Comparison Weighting of Criteria – AHP Checking the Consistency of Judgements Define the consistency index (CI) as: Where n is the number of criteria in comparison. Weighting of Criteria – AHP Checking the Consistency of Judgements Determine the consistency ratio (CR) by dividing CI by a random index (RI): Where RI is found as follows: Since we have n=3, and thus RI=0.58, CR can be computed as: Computing the Scores of Alternatives—SAW SAW Through SAW, we can get the scores of three alternatives: Since , we therefore select . Computing the Scores of Alternatives—TOPSIS Computing the Scores of Alternatives-TOPSIS 將準則評估正規化 將正規化之評估值乘上準則權重 決定理想解與負理想解 計算各方案在各準則表現距理想解以及距負理想解之距離 計算對理想解之相對接近程度 決定方案優劣順序 TOPSIS案例 TOPSIS法準則評估值正規化說明 TOPSIS案例 TOPSIS法評估值加權說明例 TOPSIS案例 TOPSIS距離計算說明例 TO