数字化PWM直流调速控制系统的毕业设计.doc

数字化PWM直流调速控制系统的设计 2012年5月  数字化PWM直流调速控制系统的设计 Digital DC Speed Control System Design of PWM 摘 要 在国民生产中，随着现代技术的发展，电力电子技术已得到了全面的发展，其技术已应用到各个领域。在各类机电系统中,由于直流电机具有良好的启动、制动和调速性能,直流电机调速系统已广泛运用于工业、航天领域的各个方面,最常用的直流调速技术是脉宽调制(PWM)直流调速技术,具有调速精度高、响应速度快、调速范围宽和损耗低的特点。而利用计算机数字控制也成了直流调速的一种手段,数字控制系统硬件电路的标准化程度高,控制软件能够进行复杂运算,可以实现不同于一般线性调节的最优化、自适应、非线性、智能化等控制规律,此外还拥有信息存储、数据通信和故障诊断等模拟系统无法实现的功能。 本文主要研究了利用MCS-51系列单片机控制PWM信号从而实现对直流电机 转速进行控制的方法。文章中采用了专门的芯片组成了PWM信号的发生系统，并且对PWM信号的原理、产生方法以及如何通过软件编程对PWM信号占空比进行调节，从而控制其输入信号波形等均作了详细的阐述。此外，本文中还采用了芯片IR2110作为直流电机正转调速功率放大电路的驱动模块，并且把它与延时电路相结合完成了在主电路中对直流电机的控制。另外，本系统中使用了测速发电机对直流电机的转速进行测量，经过滤波电路后，将测量值送到A/D转换器，并且最终作为反馈值输入到单片机进行PI运算，从而实现了对直流电机速度的控制。在软件方面文章中详细介绍了PI运算程序，初始化程序等的编写思路和具体的程序实现。 关键字：AT89C51单片机 PWM技术 直流电动机 Abstract In the national production, along with the development of modern technology, electronic technology has been a comprehensive development, the technology has been applied in various fields. In all kinds of mechanical system, due to the dc motor has a good start, brake and the performance of speed, dc motor control system has been widely used in industry, spaceflight, most commonly used dc speed control technology is a pulse width modulation (PWM) dc speed control technology, which has a high precision, fast response time, high speed range and width of the low loss characteristics and use of computer digital control has become a kind of method of dc speed control system, the hardware circuit of a high degree of standardization, control software to carry out complex operation can be realized, different from the general linear optimization and adjustment of the adaptive, nonlinear, intelligent controllaw, also have information storage, data communi- cation and fault diagnosis cannot achieve such simulation system. This paper studied the use of the MCS-51 series single-chip control of the PWM signal in order to achieve the DC motor Speed control method. Article uses a specialized chip composed of a PWM signalgeneration system, a