非常语法.docVIP

§7．1 虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的应用 1．在非真实条件句中虚拟语气的一般表示方法 非真实条件句可能指的是过去、现在和将来的情况。不管它指的是什么时间，它总是表示与事实相反的一种设想，可以分为三种情况： （1）与现在情况相反。在条件句中用过去时，be动词用were，在主句中用would/should+动词原形。 a．If I were you，I would go there． b．If he came with us，we should feel much better． （2）与将来情况相反。在条件句中用should+动词原形，或用were to+动词原形或用过去时，在主句中用should/would+动词原形。 a．If the sun should cease to give heat，the air would slowly cool off． b．If I were to see my wife who died a few years ago，I would tell her what a life we are living now． c．If we missed the train，we should have to wait an hour at the sta－ tion． d．If the sea rose 500 feet some day，India would become an Island． 在条件句中，should+动词原形、过去时和were to+动词原形三种形式都可以表示虚拟语气，但在虚拟程度上不同。 a．If it should rain tomorrow，we would not go． b．If it rained tomorrow，we would not go． c．If It were to rain tomorrow，we would not go． 上面三个例句中条件句的虚拟程度，即“下雨”的不可能性依次加重。 （3）与过去情况相反。条件句中用过去完成时，主句中用should/would＋have+过去分词的形式。 a．I should have died of hunger if the Communist Party had not come in 1949． b．If I had time yesterday，I would have repaired the pump． c．If you had asked me，I would have told you the whole story． d．If I had met him，I would have spoken to him． 2．虚拟语气应用中应该注意的几个问题 （1）在主句中，我们可用could，might来取代should和would。 a．If I had another 500 yuan，I could buy a car． b．If you asked me nicely，I might take you out to dinner． c．If my parents had been rich，I could have gone to university． d．If the illness had been diagnosed earlier，it might have made all dif- ference． （2）混合虚拟语气。当条件句和主句所指的时间不一致时，就需要根据不同的要求，用不同的动词形式来表达。 a．If he had followed the doctors advice at that time，he would be quite all right now． b．If you were to escape to the U．S．tomorrow，I would beat you to death this evening． c．If you hadnt made adequate preparations by now，we wouldnt dare to start the project next week． （3）不带if的倒装句。在文学作品中，如果条件从句中有were，had，should等词时，常用不带“if”的主谓倒装句来作条件句。 a．Had he time（=If he had time），he would help us to solve these problems． b．Were there no sun（＝If there were no sun），there would be no life at all． c．Should you chan