国外OIB课件.ppt

Types of OIB Magmas Two principal magma series Tholeiitic series (dominant type) Parental ocean island tholeiitic basalt, or OIT Similar to MORB, but some distinct chemical and mineralogical differences Alkaline series (subordinate) Parental ocean island alkaline basalt, or OIA Two principal alkaline sub-series silica undersaturated slightly silica oversaturated (less common series) Hawaiian Scenario Cyclic, pattern to the eruptive history 1. Pre-shield-building stage somewhat alkaline and variable 2. Shield-building stage begins with tremendous outpourings of tholeiitic basalts Evolution in the Series Tholeiitic, alkaline, and highly alkaline Trace Elements The LIL trace elements (K, Rb, Cs, Ba, Pb2+ and Sr) are incompatible and are all enriched in OIB magmas with respect to MORBs The ratios of incompatible elements have been employed to distinguish between source reservoirs N-MORB: the K/Ba ratio is high (usually 100) E-MORB: the K/Ba ratio is in the mid 30’s OITs range from 25-40, and OIAs in the upper 20’s Thus all appear to have distinctive sources Trace Elements: REEs MORB-normalized Spider Diagrams Isotope Geochemistry Isotopes do not fractionate during partial melting of fractional melting processes, so will reflect the characteristics of the source OIBs, which sample a great expanse of oceanic mantle in places where crustal contamination is minimal, provide incomparable evidence as to the nature of the mantle Simple Mixing Models Binary All analyses fall between two reservoirs as magmas mix Sr - Nd Isotopes Mantle Reservoirs 1. DM (Depleted Mantle) = N-MORB source Pb Isotopes Pb produced by radioactive decay of U Th 9-20 238U ? 234U ? 206Pb 9-21 235U ? 207Pb 9-22 232Th ? 208Pb The high Sr ratios in EMI and EMII also require a high Rb content and a similarly long time to produce the excess 87Sr This signature correlates well with continental crust (or sediments derived from it) Oceanic crust and sediment are other likely candidates for these