国外社会心理学1课件10.pptVIP

Chapter 10 Prosocial Behavior: Helping Others Prosocial Behavior: Helping Others Responding to an Emergency: Will Bystanders Help? External and Internal Influences on Helping Behavior Long-Term Commitment to Prosocial Action and The Effects of Being Helped The Basic Motivation for Engaging in Prosocial Acts Prosocial Behavior: Helping Others Prosocial Behavior—helpful action that benefits other people without necessarily providing any direct benefits to the person performing the act, and may even involve a risk for the person who helps Responding to an Emergency When a Stranger is Distressed: Heroism or Apathy? Heroism—actions that involve courageous risk-taking to obtain a socially valued goal (e.g., a dangerous act to save a stranger’s life) Bystander effect—the likelihood of a prosocial response to an emergency is affected by the number of bystanders who are present Kitty Genovese’s murder led to research in this area. In New York City, 38 people witnessed her being stabbed to death over a period of 45 minutes, but no one called the police. Responding to an Emergency Responding to an Emergency Bystanders experience diffusion of responsibility—bystanders to an emergency share responsibility, the more bystanders, the less any one of them feels responsible to act Latané Darley’s (1968) study Participants exposed to an “emergency” (hearing another person having a seizure) were more likely to help (and faster) when alone than when one of two or one of five bystanders. Even thinking about a group of people can result in less helping in later, unrelated situations, which is known as the implicit bystander effect. Responding to an Emergency Five Steps to Helping versus Not Helping Notice or fail to notice that something unusual is happening People are less likely to help if in a hurry Responding to an Emergency Five Steps to Helping versus Not Helping Correctly interpret that event is an emergency When information is ambiguous, people accept a comforting explanat