法律英语Lesson4JudicialSystem教学教材演示幻灯片.pptVIP

Lesson Four;Good order is the foundation of all things. E.Burke, British statesman　 良好的秩序是一切的基础。 英国政治家 伯克 E　;Background ;State and Federal Courts;美国联邦法院;Date;The U.S. Supreme Court Building in Washington D. C.;The United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit 美国联邦巡回法庭的上诉法庭;美国州法院;Superior Courts of Georgia 州高等法院;The federal courts are not superior to the state courts; they are an independent, coordinate system authorized by the US. Constitution, …… 联邦法院不凌驾于州法院之上；它们是由美国宪法授权的独立、并列的系统。;Federalism 联邦制度;The U.S. Supreme Court;Two-tiered system 两级审判制Nebraska 内布拉斯加;In the federal system;11 districts;Various specialized tribunals;Each court of appeals has four or more judges who sit in panels of three to review district court decisions, as well as some decisions of administrative agencies. 每个上诉法院都有4个或更多法官，他们组成3人小组，审议地区法院的裁决和行政机关的一些决定。;A losing litigant in the court of appeals may, in some cases, be able to obtain review by the United States Supreme Court. 在上诉法院败诉的诉讼人有时可以取得美国联邦最高法院的复审。;Cases in the state courts;Since 1988, review by the Supreme Court in civil cases is discretionary; virtually all civil appeals as of right to the highest court have been abolished. 从1988年开始，最高法院对民事案件的复审有决定权；实际上，所有民事案件都作为权利而上诉到最高法院的作法已经被废除了。;The highest court play different role;In the federal courts, except in a few very limited circumstances, appeals to the United States Supreme Court are discretionary, by writ of certiorari. 在联邦法院，除了极个别情况外，通过调案复审令，向美国最高法院的上诉是自由决定的。;The court 联邦最高法院;It supervises the administration of law by the lower courts on an ad hoc basis. 联邦最高法院按照特殊的原则监督较低层次法院对法律的管理。;In New York;Part 2:Judges;Three salient characteristics;Judges are drawn from the practicing bar, less frequently from government service or the teaching profession. 法官主要从执业律师中选拔，很少从政府公务员或教师中选拔。;The outstanding young law graduates who act for a year or two as law clerks to the most distinguished judges of the federal and state courts have only the reward of the experience to take with t