数模摸数转换 科技英语.pptVIP

* * Analog to Digital Converters An analog-to-digital converter, or ADC as it is more commonly called, is a device that converts analog signals into digital signals. Analog information is transmitted by modulating a continuous transmission signal by amplifying a signals strength or varying its frequency to add or take away data. Digital information describes any system based on discontinuous data or events. Computers, which handle data in digital form, require analog-to-digital converters to turn signals from analog to digital before it can be read. One example is a modem which turns signals from digital to analog before transmitting those signals over communication lines such as telephone lines that carry only analog signals. The signals are turned back into digital form (demodulated) at the receiving end so that the computer can process the data in its digital format. ADCs come in almost as many flavors as ice creams, and at least as much care is needed in choosing the former as is required with the latter. A popular and readily understood type of ADC is the Flash ADC (Figure 2. 5). This is capable of very high-speed conversion and thus can accommodate high sampling rates, but in its basic form is very power hungry . The flash converter operates by simultaneously presenting the input signal to a bank of comparators, whose reference voltages are set by a resistor chain to exactly correspond to all of the possible sample levels, which can be represented by the converter. . The output from each comparator (either a 1 or a 0) is then encoded into an N-bit word representing the input sample level. This approach is the most simple, most intuitive and also the fastest solution for ADC implementation. For large numbers of bits (e. g. 14 bits), the number of resistors needed ( ) becomes prohibitively large for most practical applications. Also, the power consumption is considerably higher than some of the slightly slower and more exotic