Chapter 13 – AC Motor.pptVIP

Chapter 13 – AC Motors AC motors convert AC electrical energy to Mechanical energy. Chapter 13 – AC Motors AC motors: the armature of rotor is a magnet (different to DC motors). the stator is formed by electromagnets (like in DC motors). Effects of AC Supply on Magnetic Poles Consider the rotor to be a permanent magnet. Current flowing through conductors energize the magnets and develop N and S poles. The strength of electromagnets depends on current. First half cycle current flows in one direction. Second half cycle it flows in opposite direction. As AC voltage changes, the poles alternate. Using AC Supply to Make an Elementary Motor (1) Consider the AC voltage at 0 degrees, then, no current will flow, and there is no magnetism. Using AC Supply to Make an Elementary Motor (2) As voltage increases, current starts to flow and electromagnets gain strength and North and South poles appear. (Use left hand rule to find poles). The rotor magnet is pushed CW, and the rotor and motor starts to rotate. Using AC Supply to Make an Elementary Motor (3) When voltage decreases, the current decreases also, the electromagnet loses the strength, and when V=0 there is no magnetism. Using AC Supply to Make an Elementary Motor (4) Now, AC voltage builds up as part of the negative cycle. Then, current flows in opposite direction, and the magnets reverse polarity. Therefore, the CW rotation continues. Using AC Supply to Make an Elementary Motor (5) This process is repeated over and over, as AC voltage goes through its cycles, and we have continuous rotation. AC Motor Rotation The whole picture Limitation of the Elementary Motor The initial position of the rotor determines the direction of the motor rotation. Indicate the rotation in the figures below: Practical AC Motor By adding an