Macroscopic and Nanoscale Measurements of the Adhesion of…宏观和纳米测量粘附.pdfVIP

2366 Langmuir 2003, 19, Macroscopic and Nanoscale Measurements of the Adhesion of Bacteria with Varying Outer Layer Surface Composition Glenn A. Burks,† Stephanie B. Velegol,‡ Ekaterina Paramonova,§ Benjamin E. Lindenmuth,⊥ Jason D. Feick,⊥ and Bruce E. Logan*,§ Bryan A. Stirrat and Associates, 1360 Valley Vista Dr., Diamond Bar, California 91765, Department of Chemical Engineering, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania 17837, and Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 Received August 8, 2002. In Final Form: December 2, 2002 The influence of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) chain length on bacterial adhesion was investigated by measuring the collision efficiencies of three Escherichia coli K12 strains, each having a different length LPS, to silica glass beads in column tests (macroscale tests). Nanoscale interactions between the bacteria and a silicon nitride tip were probed utilizing atomic force microscopy (AFM). Adhesion results based on column tests indicated that collision efficiencies of the three bacteria were not consistently correlated to LPS length. Under conditions of low ionic strength (1 mM NaCl), collision efficiencies increased with LPS length for the three strains of E. coli. However, if cells were fixed with glutaraldehyde (2.5%), the strain with the shortest LPS chain had the greatest adhesion, while the bacterium with the mid-length LPS had the least adhesion to glass beads. Collision efficiencies increased when the solution ionic strength was