催化的表面和界面物化讨论.ppt

Ideal Surfaces and Interfaces From Bulk to Nanoscale Clusters and their Duplication Conditions under which Catalysis Occurs Future: Theoretical Developments Limitations of Characterization Introduction Introduction In fact, before nano-materials came to be popular, we had learned a great deal about how the scale/size influences the properties of materials. Catalysts represent the oldest commercial application of nanotechnology G. Somorjai(2001) Ideal Surfaces and Interfaces Surface chemistry/physics has opened up a new world in the last 40 years. Initially, scientists believed that studies on ideal surfaces would finally give us a key to open the black box of catalysis. Great progress has also been made in the studies on ideal oxide surfaces in the last ten years. How much the research of surface science based on ideal surfaces influence the science of catalysis is still an open question, however. Phenomenon: Reconstruction and Relaxation Ideal surfaces are not truly ideal. Catalysis occurs only on disordered sites. However, a further question arises: how to observe these disordered sites? Technical limitations: General Conclusion From Bulk to Nanoscale From Bulk to Nanoscale We have two ways in general to obtain nano-materials. One is the cleavage of bulk materials, the other is the aggregation of atoms. Cleaving a bulk material to the nano-scale has received considerable attention. Traditional/classical theory of structure-property relationships is believed to be suitable only for scales larger than 100 nm. From Bulk to Nanoscale quantum effect high surface distribution dynamic stability The high surface area and the great coordinative unsaturation lead to that they have great surface free energy and are easy to assemble to large particles. Clusters and Their Duplication Stable nanoparticle: How to get it? Organic stabilization Inorganic stabilization Surface/interface Conditions Under Which