水生物学biologyforwater-04.ppt

3、To induce to form new mutation strains having strong ability for some special substances. 1) To chose original strains, standards: have some decomposing ability, grow quickly, require little nutriment, lay many spores in short time; 2) To chose revulsants(诱变剂), physical: laser(激光), ultrasonic(超声波); chemical medicine ； 3) To ascertain suitable dosage, 70-75% or the lower of deadly dosage(致死剂量); 4) To treat a lot of dispersive(分散的) cellular suspension ; 5) Result: most of microbes died, only a few survive, and less occurred mutation, to chose strain having strong decomposing ability from them. America and Japan have cultured many mutation strains to decompose compounds and be biological flocculants(生物絮凝剂). They are made into powder production (microbial, bacterial and enzyme extender 混合剂) for sale. 4、Combine wastewater treatment and resource utilization (利用） After treatment, microbes and their products exist in effluent and surplus sludge that easily cause second pollution, can be separated out and made into new resource and energy. Two techniques: 1) Microbes transform waste into proteins; 2) Waste be decomposed into combustible(易燃的) methane. Typical instance----single-cell protein(SCP,单细胞蛋白) 1、Single cell protein (microbial protein) characteristic (1) Has higher protein in production, the rate of protein can attain to 40-80%，is higher 10-20% than soy(大豆), 20% than fish, meat and cheese, and available nitrogen is 20% higher than soy； (2) Has many amino acids, 8 amino acids necessary for human and animal existing in single-cell protein. Among them, special lysine(赖氨酸). (3) Contain many ?-family vitamin, fat, carbohydrate, inorganic compounds, abundant enzyme system and many kinds of physical activated substances. 2) Microbes producing single-cell protein (1) Bacteria：Hydrogenomonas(氢单胞菌); (2)Yeast：Candida (假丝酵母)、Rhodotorula(红酵母)； (3) Fungi, various edible(可食用的) fungi； (4) Algae. 3）