[管理学]Motivating and Rewarding Employees.pptVIP

Chapter 10 Motivating and Rewarding Employees 激勵與獎酬員工 Outline Motivation Motivation Theories Early Maslow, XY, Motivation-Hygiene Contemporary Three-needs, Equity, Job characteristics model (JCM), Expectancy theory Integrating theories Application and contemporary issues Motivation And Individual Needs Motivation動機，激勵 The willingness to exert high levels of effort to reach organizational goals, conditioned by the effort’s ability to satisfy some individual need滿足個人需求情況下，為達成組織目標而付出努力的意願。 Need需求 An internal state that makes certain outcomes appear attractive對某結果具產生吸引力的心理狀態 Components of Motivation The Motivation Process Early Theories Of Motivation Hierarchy of needs theory 需求層級理論(Maslow) : a hierarchy of five human needs; as each becomes satisfied, the next becomes dominant. Physiological生理 Safety安全 Social社會 Esteem尊重 Self-actualization自我實現 Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs 馬思洛的需求層級理論 1、生理需求：對食物、飲水、居所、性的滿足、或其它肉體上的需求。 2、安全需求：安全及對身體及感情傷害的保護。 3、社會需求：感情、歸屬感、接納和友情。 4、尊重需求：內在的尊重因素，如自尊、自主與成就感；以及外在的尊重因素，如地位、認同與受注意。 5、自我實現需求：成長、發揮自我的潛能及自我實踐、完成自己有能力完成的事物之驅力。 Early Theories Of Motivation (cont’d) Theory X (McGregor) The assumption that employees dislike work, are lazy, seek to avoid responsibility, and must be coerced to perform Theory Y The assumption that employees are creative, seek responsibility, and can exercise self-direction Theory X Premises A manager who views employees from a Theory X (negative) perspective believes: Employees inherently dislike work and, whenever possible, will attempt to avoid it Because employees dislike work, they must be coerced, controlled, or threatened with punishment to achieve desired goals Employees will shirk responsibilities and seek formal direction whenever possible Most workers place security above all other factors associated with work and will display little ambition Theory Y Premises A manager who views employees from a Theory Y (positive) perspective believes: Employees can view work as being as natural as rest or play Men and women