句子成分 学生.docVIP

句子成分 [语法项目一] 【语法回顾】 一、句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要高考资源网成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。 主语 主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首，是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。 主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例： ·During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名词） ·We often speak English in class.（代词） ·One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词） ·To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式） ·Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词） ·The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词） ·When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句） ·It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式） 谓语 谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态，一般放在主语之后，说明助于“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”，总是由动词短语充当。谓语在人称和数上须保持一致。 谓语的构成如下： 简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：·He practices running every morning. ·I saw your brother yesterday. ·Please look after the twins. （2）复合谓语： 由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：·You may keep the book for two weeks. ·He has caught a bad cold. ②由系动词加表语构成。如：·We are students. ·David’s hobby is writing. （三）表语 表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后，说明主语“是什么”“怎么样”。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句等充当。如： ·Our teacher of English is an American.（名词） ·Is it yours?（代词） ·The weather has turned cold.（形容词） ·The speech is exciting.（分词） ·Three times seven is twenty one?（数词） ·His job is to teach English.（不定式） ·His hobby is playing football.（动名词） ·The machine must be out of order.（介词短语） ·Time is up. The class is over.（副词） ·The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句） 宾语 宾语表示动作的对象、承爱者或结果，一般位于及物动词和介词后面，由名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、从句等充当。如： ·They went to see an exhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词） ·The heavy rain prevented me frm coming to school on time.（代词） ·We should learn from her.（代词）·How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（数词） ·They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词）·He pretended not to see me.（不定式短语） ·I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名