[医学]微生物--细菌生长physiology for chinese.pptVIP

Chapter 8 physiology of B. A-prof. Yang Haibo 杨海波 副教授 Dept. of medical Microbiology Section I growth requirements Bacterial requirements for growth Nutrients pH Temperature Aeration Osmotic pressure 渗透压 (Optimal environmental condition) Nutrients Carbon sources Nitrogen sources Minerals Growth factors Water pH Most organisms grow best at pH 6.0-8.0 Many bacteria grow best at neutral pH. (pH 7.2-7.6) Some specialized bacteria can survive and even grow in acid or alkaline conditions. T.B. 结核杆菌 pH 6.5-6.8 V. cholerae 霍乱弧菌 pH 8.4-9.2 Temperature Different species vary widely in their optimal temperature ranges The optimal temperature for most of humans pathogens is around 37 ℃ Psychrophilic forms 嗜冷菌 (15-20℃) Mesophilic forms 嗜温菌（30-37℃）include all human pathogens and opportunists. Thermophilic forms 嗜热菌（50-60℃） Aeration Oxygen Requirements Classify B. by response to oxygen Obligate aerobes专性需氧菌: require oxygen to growth Microaerophilic bacterium:微需氧菌 Facultative anaerobes兼性厌氧菌: utilize oxygen by respiration and use the fermentation pathway Obligate anaerobes专性厌氧菌: can not growth in the presence of oxygen some can survive, can’t grow, others are killed rapidly Aerobic and anaerobic growth B. require two enzymes to utilize oxygen: Superoxide dismutase: catalyze 催化 2O.2 + 2H+ H2O2 + O2 Catalase: catalyze 2 H2O2 H2O + O2 Section I I growth of B. Growth B. reproduce by binary fission二分裂---- Exponential 指数的 growth( logaritmic growth) Generation time ranges from 20 minutes to more than 24 hours varies with the species and the amount of nutrients, the temperature, the pH, and other environmental factors Generation time many common bacteria ：20~60 min most common pathogens in the body： 5-10 hours T.B. 结核杆菌: 18-20h The growth curve Four major phases Lag phase: vigorous 旺盛的 metabolic activity, cells do not divide 2. Log phase: rapid cell division, in an exponential ma