电路理论第八章pptChapter8-1.pptVIP

* Linear Circuit Analysis Warming up snacks in a microwave oven Second-Order Circuit 1. What is second-order circuit? A second-order circuit is characterized by a second-order differential equation. It consists of resistors and the equivalent of two energy storage elements. Typical examples of second-order circuits: C R L US + _ (a) series RLC circuit (b) parallel RLC circuit C L R C R L US + _ C L R C L R + _ + _ Zero-state response or complete response Zero-input response 2. Discharging a capacitor through an inductor C U0 + _ L A B S + uL _ + uC _ iC iL Solution Step 1. Write down the u-i relationship for the capacitor and inductor and apply KCL and KVL, respectively. Step 2. Obtain differential equations in the capacitor voltage uC and inductor current iL. Step 3. Construct the waveforms uC(t) and iL(t). Specifically recall the differentiation properties of the sine and cosine functions: Thus one reasonable assumes that the solutions of differential equations have the general forms: Note : General solution has the equivalent form: Step 4. Find ω, K and θ for the capacitor voltage and inductor current. Based on and or The values of K and θ depend on the initial conditions. C U0 + _ L A B S + uL _ + uC _ iC iL and Obtain iL(t) directly by differentiating Several interesting and significant facts. For the source-free LC circuit, the voltage and current responses are sinusoidal waveforms with an angular frequency equal to The frequency ω depends on the values of L and C only, whereas the amplitude K and the phase angleθdepend on the initial values of the capacitor voltage and inductor current . Although the energy stored in the capacitor, WC(t), and the energy stored in the inductor, WL(t), both vary with time, their sum in constant. In theory, the simplest circuit that generates sinusoidal waveforms is LC circuit. Such an electronic circuit is an idealized oscillator circuit. Oscillator circuits play an important role in many communication and