英文课件Chapter2.pptVIP

* Chapter 2 Speech Sounds phonemes allophones description of vowels description of consonants speech organs distinctive features A speech production B speech perception speech transmission (sound waves) Figure 2.1 The process of speech production and perception Phonetics studies how speech sounds are produced, transmitted and perceived. phonetics articulatory phonetics 发音语音学 acoustic phonetics 声学语音学 auditory phonetics 听觉语音学 Figure 2.2 The organs of speech consonants: sounds which are produced by a closure of vocal tract, or by a narrowing which is marked that air cannot escape without producing audible friction vowels: air escapes in a relatively unimpeded way through the mouth or nose distinction: the obstruction of airstream categories of consonants: the manner of articulation the actual relationship between the articulators and thus the way in which air passes through certain parts of the vocal tract the place of articulation where in the vocal tract there is approximation, narrowing, or the obstruction of air The manner of articulation: stop or plosive 爆破音 nasal 鼻音 fricative 摩擦音 approximant 通音 lateral 边音 affricate 破擦音 The place of articulation: bilabial 双唇音 labiodental 唇齿音 dental 齿（间）音 alveolar 齿龈音 postalveolar 后齿龈音 palatal 硬腭音 velar 软腭音 glottal 声门音 the description of English consonants: the place of articulation the manner of articulation voicing e.