College_English_Grammar_8_Phrases_Participial_Phrases二教材教学课件.pptVIP

College English Grammar: Grammar and Writing Unit 8 Phrases: Participial Phrases Grammar: Participial Phrases Writing: Correcting: Dangling Modifiers Rewriting: Sentence emphasis Participial Phrases Words that are made of verbs but dont act like verbs are called verbals. There are three types of verbals: participles, infinitives and gerunds. A participle is a verb form used as an adjective to modify nouns and pronouns, or as an adverb to modify verbs, adjectives or other adverbs. Participles come in two forms: the present participle (V-ing) and the past participle (V-ed). The present participle in English is in the active voice and is used for: 1. modifying a noun as an adjective;The girl is dancing.The girl is the daughter of my neighbor. ? The dancing girl is the daughter of my neighbor.  2. modifying a verb or whole sentence as an adverb.Jack smiled.Jack said hello to me. ? Smiling, Jack said hello to me. The past participle may be used in both active and passive voices and is used for: modifying a noun as an adjective, with active sense；A tree fell on the road.The road was blocked. ? The road was blocked by a fallen tree. modifying a noun as an adjective, with passive sense;The street was deserted.I felt uneasy on the street. ? I felt uneasy on the deserted street. modifying a verb or sentence as an adverb.Jack was shaken.Jack had to quit his village.Jack was in despair. ? Shaken, Jack had to quit his village in despair. If you are not sure whether you should use present participle or past participle, you can turn the phrase into a sentence. Right sentence ensures right choice.  Participial phrase Sentence (be + participle) the singing birds flying time broken car the excited children →The birds are singing. →The birds are sung. →Time is flying. →Time is flown. →The car is breaking. →The car is broken. →The children are exciting. →The children