表面化学Low_Energy_Electron_Diffraction_(_LEED_)教材教学课件.pptVIP

Techniques for studying surface structure----Low Energy Electron Diffraction ( LEED ) ;Wave interference;Basic Theory of LEED ;one dimensional (1-D) chain of atoms ;The size of this path difference is ?a sinq? and this must be equal to an integral number of wavelengths for constructive interference to occur when the scattered beams eventually meet and interfere at the detector i.e. d = a sinq = nl where : l - wavelength ?n - integer (..-1, 0, 1, 2,.. ) the pattern is symmetric about q = 0 (or sinq = 0) sinq is proportional to 1 / V 1/2 (since l is proportional to 1 / V 1/2 ) sinq is inversely proportional to the lattice parameter , a ;The LEED experiment uses a beam of electrons of a well-defined low energy (typically in the range 20 - 200 eV) incident normally on the sample. The sample itself must be a single crystal with a well-ordered surface structure in order to generate a back-scattered electron diffraction pattern. ;《表面分析技术》，陆家和、陈长彦编著，电子工业出版社;Qualitatively : where the diffraction pattern is recorded and analysis of the spot positions yields information on the size, symmetry and rotational alignment of the adsorbate unit cell with respect to the substrate unit cell. Quantitatively : where the intensities of the various diffracted beams are recorded as a function of the incident electron beam energy to generate so-called I-V curves which, by comparison with theoretical curves, may provide accurate information on atomic positions. (information of 3-d structure) ;the energy of the incident electrons is doubled -some of the second order spots are now visible and the pattern as a whole has apparently contracted in towards the central (00) spot ;Reciprocal net ;;;Wood’s notation;Substrate : fcc(100);Substrate : fcc(100);Example;Exercise