扩展设备(交换机路由器等).pptVIP

2.10 局域网扩展 局域网的互联设备: 光纤调制解调器、 中继器、网桥和交换机 2.10.1 Distance Limitation and LAN Design Distance limitation is a fundamental part of LAN designs. Engineers choose a combination of capacity, maximum delay, and distance that can be achieved at a given cost. To help save expense,LAN technologies usually use a shared communication medium. 2.10.2 Fiber Optic Extensions A pair of fiber modems and optical fibers can be used to provide a connection a computer and a remote LAN. Because delays across fiber are low and bandwidth is high, the mechanism will operate correctly across distances of several kilometers. 2.10.3 Repeaters中继器 A repeater is usually an analog electronic device that continuously monitors electrical signals on each cable. When it senses a signal on one cable, the repeater transmits an amplified copy on the other cable. 2.10.4 Bridges网桥 A bridge is an electrical device that connects two LAN segments. A bridge handles complete frame and uses the same network interface as a conventional computer. The bridge listens to traffic on each segment in promiscuous mode(混合模式). When it receives a frame from one segment,the bridge verifies that frame arrived intact,and then forwards a copy of the frame to the other segment if necessary. 网桥基本特征 网桥能够连接两个采用不同数据链路层协议、不同传输介质、不同传输速率与不同拓扑结构的网络。 网桥以接收、存储、地址过滤与转发的方式实现互联网络之间的通信。 网桥需要互联的网络在数据链路层以上采用相同的协议。 网桥可以分隔两个网络之间的广播通信量，有利于改善互联网络的性能与安全性。  网桥的基本工作原理 网桥的端口工作在混杂方式（Promiscuous Mode）下，网桥可以从端口接收网段上传输的各种数据帧。每当网桥端口收到一个数据帧时，先将数据帧存放在网桥的缓冲区中。若此帧出错，则丢弃；若帧正确，通过查网桥表，根据帧的目的地址决定是转发还是丢弃 网桥内部结构 A Cycle of Bridges 网桥环 A bridge network can span many segments. One bridge is needed to connect each segment to the rest of the bridge network. A bridge always forwards a copy of a frame sent to broadcast address. Not all bridge can be allowed to forward broadcast frames,or a cycle of bridges introduces a problem. Distributed Spanning Tree 分布生成树 To prevent the problem of infinite loops,a bridged network must not allow both of the f