[高等教育]Chapter 2 数据类型.pptVIP

Introduction to Computer(C Programming) 2.1 introduction A programming language is designed to help process certain kinds of data consisting of numbers, characters and strings and to provide useful output known as information. The task of processing data is accomplished by executing a sequence of precise instructions called a program. These instructions are formed using certain symbols and words according to some rigid rules known as syntax rules (or grammar). 2.2 Character Set The characters in C are grouped into the following categories: Letters A……Z a……z Digits 0……9 Special characters , . ^ ; * : - ? + ‘ White spaces （空白符） Blank space Horizontal tab Carriage return New line Form feed Trigraph Characters（三元字符） Each trigraph sequence consists of three characters. Trigraph sequence Translation ??= # number sign ??( [ left bracket ??) ] right bracket ?? { left brace ?? } right brace ??! | vetical bar ??/ \ back slash ??/ ^ caret ??- ~ tilde 2.3 C Tokens（C标记符） 2.4 Keyword and Identifiers Keywords serve as basic building blocks for program statements. auto break case char const continue default do double else enum extern float for goto if int long register return short signed sizeof static struct switch typedef unsigned union void volatile while Identifiers refer to names of variables, functions and array. Identifiers are user-defined names consist of a sequence of letters and digits, with a letter as first character. 2.5 Constants Integer Constants