(生物化学)Protein translation.pdf

1968 Robert W. Holley, Har Bobind Khorana, Marshall W. Nirenberg “For their interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis” The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009 was awarded jointly to Venkatraman Ramakrishnan, Thomas A. Steitz and Ada E. Yonath for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome . • PART 1: Protein Synthesis Components • PART 2: Protein Synthesis Process • PART 3: Posttranslational Processing and Targeting • PART 4: Protein Synthesis in Medicine PART 3: Posttranslational Processing and Targeting From DNA to protein Fate of nascent polypeptides • Association of nascent polypeptide with various chaperone systems commits them to folding pathways • If proteins fail to fold (one third of the nascent polypeptides), they are recognized and targeted for degradation 6 3.1 Protein Folding Newly synthesized polypeptides must form higher order structure before they become functional proteins • The macromolecules assisting the formation of protein secondary structure include – Molecular Chaperon – Protein Disulfide Isomerase (PDI) 3.2.1 Chaperons • Proteins are assisted in folding by molecular chaperones • Heat shock proteins, Hsp60, Hsp70 and Hsp90 are three main classes • Hsp70 recognizes exposed, unfolded regions of new protein chains - especially hydrophobic regions • It binds to these regions, protecting them until productive folding reactions can occur 8 Mechanism hollow cylinder Hsp60 The GroES-GroEL Complex (Hsp60) GroEL forms two stacked 7-membered rings of 60 kD subunits;