(生物化学)General Mechanisms of Signal Transduction.ppt

Common Enzyme-linked Receptors: Receptors tyrosine kinases (RTKs） Tyrosine kinase-coupled receptors (TKCRs） Receptors tyrosine phosphatases (RTPs） Receptors serine/threonine kinase (RSTK） Receptors guanylate cyclases (RGCs） Receptor Tyrosine Kinase (RTK) (with intrinsic enzyme activity) The receptors for many growth factors have intrinsic protein-tyrosine kinase activity. Ligand binding to most such RTKs causes formation of an activated homodimer, which phosphorylates several residues in its own cytosolic domain as well as certain substrate proteins. Signals initiated by RTK are important for cell proliferations and differentiations. Tyrosine Kinase Coupled Receptors (TKCR) Erythropoietin, interferons (with no intrinsic enzyme activity) Ligand binding causes formation of a homodimer or heterodimer, triggering the binding and activation of a cytosolic protein-tyrosine kinase. Src /ZAP70/Tec/JAK family Src family SH3 SH1 SH2 Myr P SH3 SH1 SH2 SH3 SH1 SH2 PH SH1 like SH1 ZAP70 family Tec family JAK family Src Structure SH2, SH3: Src homology domains ICR 　　GPCR Enzyme-linked Receptor Ligand Neuro- transmitter Neurotransmitter, Hormone, Physical stimulus (smell, light) Growth factor Cellular factor Structure Heteromer Monomer Dimer with or without intrinsic enzyme activity Number of Transmembrane domains Four Seven One Function Ion Channel Activate G protein Activate protein kinase, phosphatase Cellular Response Electric potential change Protein function and expression level, electric potential change Regulate the growth, proliferation, differentiation, or survival of cells Characters of 3 cell-surface receptors II. Intracellular/Nuclear receptors Steroid hormone receptors, thyroxine receptors 2. (Some) Major Classes of Receptors 3. Adaptors and Effectors Ligand Receptor Adaptor Effector Precursor Second messenger Targets: Cytoskeleton Ion channels Txn Factors Enzymes A. adaptor proteins adaptor protein: a kind of mediator protein, Link one, ups