(生物化学)DNA Repair and Recombination.ppt

* * Replication: synthesis of daughter DNA from parental DNA Transcription: synthesis of RNA using DNA as the template Translation: protein synthesis using mRNA molecules as the template Reverse transcription: synthesis of DNA using RNA as the template * * 相信真理，相信科学，相信自己 谢谢大家 * Question 复旦大学生物医学研究院 (IBS) Institutes of Biomedical Sciences * * * Changes T-A pair C-G pair. T C, and A G are both Transitions * Another example: mustard gases first used in WWII. * Intercalate themselves into the DNA double helix, distorting it, and causing insertion or deletion during DNA replication or recombination. Other examples: Ethidium Bromide, DAPI. * * * * Major pathway for repair of modified bases, uracil misincorporation, oxidative damage Various DNA glycosylases recognize lesion and remove base at glycosidic bond, thereby producing an “abasic” or AP (apurinic/ apyrimidinic) site by base “flipping out” One of several AP endonucleases incises phosphodiesterase backbone adjacent to AP site AP nucleotide removed by exonuclease/dRPase and patch refilled by DNA synthesis and ligation * * * * ?? Cytosine residues in 5’CpG are often postsynthetically methylated ?? CpG methylation is involved in long-term silencing of certain gene during development ?? The methyl-CpG-binding proteins MeCP1 and MeCP2 interact specifically with methylated DNA and mediate transcriptional repression. * Establishment of DNA methylation pattern The methylation pattern of the genome is established anew every generation. In that sense methylation is an epigentic phenomenon - it influences the genetic material but it is not inherited from one generation to another. All methylation (or at least almost all) is erased during early embryogenesis and reestablished PotentialmechanismsforactiveDNAdemethylation.A,FourpotentialmechanismsforactiveDNAdemethylationinvertebratesareshown(APisanabasicsite).TheresultshereshowTDGcanrapidlyexcisefCandcaC,suggestinganewpotentialmechanismforactivedemethylation(large