当代美国立法机构.pptxVIP

The Legislative Branch It has been quite normal for American government to be divided,with different parties controlling different elected branches. Divided government and dofferent term lengths weakens the role of the parties, making cooperation necessary. 对于美国政府来说，由不同政党控制不同民选部门的分化是非常正常的。分裂的政府和不同的任期长度削弱了党派的作用，这使得合作成为必要。 Since 2003,however,the Republicans have controlled all tree elected branches,making bipartisanship less important and party loyalty more vital in lawmaking. 然而，自2003年起，共和党已经控制了所有的三个民选部门，这 使得在立法中，两党合作的重要性降低，而对党的忠诚就尤为重要。 The working atmosphere varies as the House “bustles” and the Senate is “clubby.”House rules are much stricter overall with debating time severely limited while the Senate allows unlimited time unless 60 senators vote for a debate-stopping “cloture motion.” 不同部门的工作风格迥异，众议院“忙忙碌碌”，而参议院是“欢歌笑语”。众议院的规章制度严格到辩论时时间极为有限，而参议院却允许有无限的时间讨论，除非60名参议员投票支持“结束辩论”。 States are bigger and more diverse than congressional districtas and senators are used to combing disparate opinions into a majority opinion.Their relative few numbers,more genteel working culture,long terms and state-wide electoral mandates give them far more media attention than representatives who must usually decide - with their relection hanging in the balance - between local issues and national opinion.The House chaos reflests the members close attention to current,rather than long-term,public opinion. 州比国会的选取更大，更多样化，参议员习惯于将不同的意见总结成多数人的意见。参议员的人数相对较少，工作更文雅，从长远来看，全州的选举会给予他们比众议员更多的媒体关注——他们蝉联处于平衡——而众议员要在地方问题和国家意见之间做出决定。众议院的混乱说明其成员密切关注当前，而不是长期的公众意见。