[工学]工程流体力学第四章2.ppt

Chapter 4 Differential Relations For Viscous Flow 4.1 Preliminary Remarks * Two ways in analyzing fluid motion Seeking an estimate of gross effects over a finite region or control volume. Integral (2) Seeking the point-by-point details of a flow pattern by analyzing an infinitesimal region of the flow. Differential Assignment: P264: P4.1(a), P4.2, P4.4 ,P4.9(a) Chapter 5 Boundary Layer(BL) 5.1 Three Thicknesses of a Boundary Layer BL Thickness d (名义厚度，厚度） The locus of points where the velocity u parallel to the plate reaches 99 percent of the external velocity U. 5.3 Boundary Layer Equation Shape factor Skin-friction coefficient Drag coefficient 4.6 Initial (初始)and Boundary（边界）Conditions for the Basic Equations Initial Conditions： t = t0 : Boundary Conditions： (No slip) Velocity Wall If the wall is stationary Temperature Due to the highly complex of the N-S equations, only a few particular solutions were found up to now. For most problems, the equations must be solved numerically, which is a brand new course called CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) Flow pass a cylinder An experiment result A computation result Solving the N-S equations numerically x y o h h U Flow between two parallel walls, Steady, incompressible, neglect body force, 2-D Continuity: Momentum: 4.7 Exact solutions of N-S Equations = constant Integrate relative to y Boundary condition: x y o h h U Apply the boundary condition x y o h -h u(y) U x y o h -h When U=0 Poiseuille flow When Simple Couette flow When When Consider a special case General case: y x o U x y o U x o y U Q=0: y x o Volume flow rate Q=u*dy The wall shear stresses 4.8 Dynamical Similarity Nondimensionalization Flow pass a cylinder D = 5cm D = 10cm Measurement for Wing tip vortex N-S equation, 2-D, steady, no body force, incompressible Use U,L as reference velocity and length Dimensionless quantities x direction: 4.8.1 Nondimen