高中英语家教教案-第18天.docx

第十八天语法：非谓语动词，不定式非谓语动词亦称非限定动词，在句子中不可单独作谓语，不收主语的人称和数的限制，在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分。非谓语动词除了上述的特征外，与谓语动词相似。非谓语动词也有时态的变化。非谓语动词没有语法上的主语，但又逻辑上的主语。非谓语动词共有三种形式：动词不定式，现在分词，过去分词。1. 动词不定式a. 作主语例： To talk with him is a great pleasure. 和他谈话是一件非常愉快的事。动词不定式做主语时，往往放在谓语动词后面，而用代词it作形式主语。例：It takes two hours to walk there.注意It be adj. for/of sb. to do sth.b. 作宾语跟在动词后作宾语例： He agreed to keep it a secret.用“疑问词+不定式”结构做宾语例： Please show us how to do that.There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I cannot make up my mind which to buy.c. 作表语例： My work is to clean the room every day.当主语部分出现实意动词do或do的其他形式to do，did等时，作表语的不定式常不带to。例：What I should do is finish the task soon.The only thing to do is write to him.d. 作宾语补足语和主语补足语例：I got them to join us in the discussion.I saw the boy open the door.The boy was seen to open the door.表示感觉的动词后，通常跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，如hear，listen to，see，look at，watch，notice，observe，feel等。“使役动词”后作宾语补足语的动词不定式，如：get sb. to do sth. ，leave sb. to do sth通常要加to，只有have，let，make跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。例：You don’t have to make Paul learn. He always works hard.I had John find me a house. 我托约翰给我找房子。e. 作定语例：He is always the first to come and last to leave the office.There were plans to be made at once.I have a lot of work to do.如果不定式和所修饰的名词是动宾关系的话，不定式动词如果是不及物动词，则须加适当的介词。例：I need a pen to write with.f. 作目的状语常由to引出，还可以用in order to, so as to(不放在句首)。g. 作结果状语还可以用so…as to…, such…as to…, enough…to…, only to… 及too… to…等结构。例：What have I done to make you so angry?The tea is too hot to drink.He lifted a rock, only to drop it on his own feet.他搬起了石头结果砸到了自己的脚。h. 做原因状语：表示原因的动词不定式通常要带to，并跟在happy，glad，sorry，sad，frightened等表示心里感受的形容词后。例：I am sorry to hear that.i. 作同位语例：He gave me advice to begin the meeting.His wish to become a doctor is unlikely to be realized.j.注意点Be to do 表示计划，打算，安排，意志等意义。例：The naughty boy is to stay here until the class is over.An insurance agent is to meet us this afternoon.今天下午一位保险业务员要和我们见面。But to do。动词不定式很少用作介词的宾语，但在but后世可以的。且不定式前如果出现了实意动词do或to do，did，does时，则该不定式不带to，否则带to。例：We have not