定语从句备课.doc

定语从句 重点：1.什么是定语？ 2.什么是定语从句？ 3．定语从句的结构及理解。（怎样来判断一个定语从句） 4.定语从句的运用 1. 什么是定语？是对名词或代词起修饰限定作用的单词或短语，在汉语中常用“……表示”。 如2.什么是定语从句？ ⑴．在复合句中，修饰某个名词或代词的句子（做这个名词或代词的定语）叫定语从句。 所处的位置：一般放在被修饰的名词或代词后面 ②什么是先行词？被修饰的名词或代词叫做定语从句的先行词。 关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等； 关系副词有when, where, why等。当先行词在定语从句中做状语时，要用关系副词。When表时间，where表地点，why表原因。 讲到这里我们先来看一个例句： There are five boys who will play the game.（做主语） This is the same bag that he lost yesterday.（做宾语） I still remember the day when I first came to beijing.（做状语） 关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。 练习： She is the girl who/that lives next door. This is the scientist whose achievements are well known. Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 重点二：怎样区分限定与非限定？最明显的特征是主从句用逗号隔开。 The man who was come here yesterday has come again. (是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，起修饰限定的作用。如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义，这种主从句关系非常密切时，写时不用逗号隔开。) That is Mr. Wang, whose daughter teachers English at a middle school.（和主句关系不很密切，只是对先行词做些附和说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚，这种从句写时用逗号隔开。） 重点三： that 与which的区分 关系代词Which的用法： （1）先行词指物或前面的整句话时，定语从句中的关系代词必须用which的情况。 The way which he explained to us was quite simple. He was late for the opening ceremony, which was very surprising to me. (2)在非限制性定语从句中使用 Jenny was late for school a third time during the week, which made her teacher very angry. （2）当动词短语中的介词提前时，只用which，不用that. This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived. There is hardly an environment on earth to which some species of animals or others have not adapted completely. 关系代词that的用法 ① 先行词由最高级修饰时，如the best work that I can do。 ② 先行词由序数词修饰时，如the second book that I bought。 ③ 先行词由the last, the only, the same, the very等修饰时。 ④ 先行词是不定代词all, anything, everything, little, much, nobody, nothing等时，如anything that he does; all that I can do now等。 ⑤ 先行词有any, no, all等限定词时，如all the words that I’ve learned。 先行词为词组，该词组既含人又含物时，如the city and the people that I visited。 Take the first opportunity that offers. 抓住第一个出现的机会。 He is the last person that one would suspect. 人们最不可能怀疑他。 Man is the only creature