Part I_03 实数与代数表达式3.pptVIP

The Cartesian Coordinate System At the beginning of the chapter we saw a one-to-one correspondence between the set of real numbers and the points on a straight line (one dimensional space). The Cartesian Coordinate System The Cartesian coordinate system extends this concept to a plane (two dimensional space) by adding a vertical axis. The Cartesian Coordinate System The horizontal line is called the x-axis, and the vertical line is called the y-axis. The Cartesian Coordinate System The point where these two lines intersect is called the origin. The Cartesian Coordinate System In the x-axis, positive numbers are to the right and negative numbers are to the left of the origin. The Cartesian Coordinate System In the y-axis, positive numbers are above and negative numbers are below the origin. The Cartesian Coordinate System A point in the plane can now be represented uniquely in this coordinate system by an ordered pair of numbers (x, y). The Cartesian Coordinate System The Cartesian Coordinate System The axes divide the plane into four quadrants as shown below. Exercises: Textbook: P30 1-20 The Distance Formula The distance between any two points in the plane may be expressed in terms of their coordinates. Example 1 Find the distance between the points (– 4, 3) and (2, 6). Solution: Let P1(– 4, 3) and P2(2, 6) be points in the plane. We have x1 = – 4 y1 = 3 x2 = 2 y2 = 6 Using the distance formula, we have Example 2 Let P(x, y) denote a point lying on the circle with radius r and center C(h, k). Find a relationship between x and y. Solution: By definition in a circle, the distance between P(x, y) and C(h, k) is r. With distance formula we get Squaring both sides gives Equation of a Circle An equation of a circle with center C(h, k) and radius r is given by Example 3(a) Find an equation of the circle with radius 2 and center (–1, 3). Solution: We use the circle formula with r = 2, h = –1, and k = 3: Example 3(b) Find an equation of the circle with ra