Unit4 Text A注释及译文.docVIP

Unit Four Text A The Scope of Pharmacology In its entirety, pharmacology embraces the knowledge of the history, source, physical and chemical properties, compounding, biochemical and physiological effects, mechanisms of action, absorption, distribution, biotransformation and excretion, and therapeutic and other uses of drugs. Since a drug is broadly defined as any chemical agent that affects living processes, the subject of pharmacology is obviously quite extensive. entirety [enta??r?ti:] n. 整体,全面 in its entirety作为一个整体 2. compounding [kɑmpaundi?] n. 配料；组合；复合 3. Mechanism [mek?niz?m] n. 机械装置；构造, 机制；办法, 技巧, 途径 4. absorption [?bs?rp??n] n.吸收；吸收过程；吸收作用；专注，专心致志； 合并；同化 5. distribution [,distribju:??n] n. 分发, 分配；散布, 分布 6. biotransformation [,bai?u,tr?nsf?mei??n] n. 生物转化 metabolism [m?t?b?,l?z?m] n. 新陈代谢 7. excretion [ekskri:??n] n.(动植物的)排泄,排泄物 8. therapeutic [,θer?pju:tik] adj.治疗(学)的;疗法的；对身心健康有益的 9. living [livi?] adj.活(着)的；现存的, 在使用中的；逼真的, 生动的 n.生计, 生存之道；生活方式 整体而言，药理学包括药学发展的历史，药物的来源、理化性质、配伍，药物对机体的生化过程和生理功能的影响，药物的作用机制，药物的吸收、分布、生物转化和排泄，药物的治疗作用和其他作用。广义的药物是指任何可以影响生命过程的化学物质，因而药理学这个学科包括的内容非常广泛，这是显而易见的。 For the physician and the medical student, however, the scope of pharmacology is less expansive than indicated by the above definitions. The clinician is interested primarily in drugs that are useful in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of human disease, or in the prevention of pregnancy. His study of the pharmacology of these drugs can be reasonably limited to those aspects that provide the basis for their rational clinical use. Secondarily, the physician is also concerned with chemical agents that are not used in therapy but are commonly responsible for household and industrial poisoning as well as environmental pollution. His study of these substances is justifiably restricted to the general principles of prevention, recognition, and treatment of such toxicity or pollution. Finally, all physicians share in the responsibility to help resolve the continuing sociolog