C 语言程序设计实例荟萃.ppt

* The specification for Calculator The program should accept two numbers, separated by an arithmetic operator, and should produce the correct arithmetic result, if this is calculable. Numbers are non-negative whole numbers. Arithmetic operators are +, -, * and /. Calculable means that the result must be finite, whole and positive. Input consists of number operator number return. Input may be separated by spaces and is separated from the result by a new line. If the user fails to type in correct data then an error message not an expression will be output. A potentially incalculable result will produce the error message: cannot calculate. * Test data * Not so straightforward test data * Test as you code bugs (technical term) are errors in programs bugs are difficult to find in complete programs test each method as soon as you have written it two ways of testing methods: test harnesses - write a small program to test each method incremental testing - use the whole program to test each new method either way, testing as you go takes up less time then post testing * Example test harness to test evaluate class Expression{ int first; char op; int sec; } void main(){ Expression e; e.first = readInt(); e.op = readChar(); e.sec = readInt(); println(evaluate(e)); } int evaluate( Expression e ) { switch ( e.op ) { case + : {return e.first + e.sec; } case - : {return e.first - e.sec; } case * : {return e.first * e.sec; } case / : {return e.first / e.sec; } } return 0; } * Alternatively, use incremental testing Write the declarations and main program first. All declarations for methods have to be written as well. These should include comments. The bodies of each method should be trivial. These are called stubs. Execute the program. If there is a bug then fix it. Then replace one stub at a time. Each time testing the code. Bugs can always be isolated to the latest added code. * Example stubs for testing the main program Expression readExpression(){ Expression